Acurácia de implantes imediatos instalados com cirurgia guiada ou convencional na região anterior de acordo com a experiência do cirurgião: estudo in vitro / Accuracy of immediate implants installed with guided or conventional surgery in the previous region according to the surgeon's experience: in vitro study

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar acurácia do posicionamento de implantes imediatos instalados na região anterior da maxila por meio de cirurgia guiada ou convencional de acordo com a experiência do cirurgião. Dez cirurgiões inexperientes e 10 cirurgiões experientes instalaram em modelos odontológico, um implante de forma guiada e convencional na região do dente 12 e 22, distribuídos aleatoriamente. A amostra foi composta por 4 grupos: experiente e guiado (EG), experiente e convencional (EC), inexperiente e guiado (IG) e inexperiente e convencional (IC) com 10 casos em cada grupo, totalizando 40 implantes. Foram impressos 20 modelos obtidos a partir do escaneamento de um manequim de treinamento padronizado (MOM). O modelo foi submetido a tomografia por feixe cônico e escaneado para planejamento da posição ideal do implante e obtenção das guias cirúrgicas, utilizando o software coDiagnostiX®. Após a instalação dos implantes foram obtidas novas tomografias dos modelos e a acurácia do posicionamento foi comparada ao planejamento inicial por meio da sobreposição das imagens nos sentidos global, e linear. Os dados obtidos foram tabulados e submetidos à análise estatística. Observamos diferenças estatísticas entre o tipo de cirurgia no grupo experiente no desvio angular e nos desvios lineares: plataforma tridimensional (P-3D), mesio distal (P-MD), vestíbulo palatino (P-VP),apical tridimensional (A-3D), mesio distal (A-MD), vestíbulo palatino (A-VP) e no grupodos cirurgiões inexperientes nos desvios lineares P-3D, P-MD, P-VP, A-3D, A-MD. Ao comparar a acurácia de acordo com a experiência do cirurgião, observamos diferenças significativas apenas na cirurgia convencional para os desvios de P-3D, PAC e A-AC. Concluímos que a acurácia dos implantes instalados de forma guiada foi maior independentemente do grau de experiência do cirurgião. (AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the positioning of immediate implants installed in the anterior region of the maxilla through guided or conventional surgery, according to the surgeon's experience. Ten inexperienced surgeons and 10 experienced surgeons installed, in dental models, an implant in a guided and conventional way in the region of tooth 12 and 22, randomly distributed. The sample consisted of 4 groups: experienced and guided (EG), experienced and conventional (EC), inexperienced and guided (IG) and inexperienced and conventional (IC) with 10 cases in each group, totaling 40 implants. Twenty models obtained from the scanning of a standardized training manikin (MOM) were printed. The model was submitted to cone beam tomography and scanned to plan the ideal position of the implant and obtain the surgical guides, using the coDiagnostiX® software. After implant placement, new tomography scans of the models were obtained and the positioning accuracy was compared to the initial planning by superimposing the images in the global and linear directions. The data obtained were tabulated and submitted to statistical analysis. We observed statistical differences between the type of surgery in the group experienced in angular deviation and linear deviations: three-dimensional platform (P-3D), mesiodistal (P-MD), palatal vestibule (P-VP), three-dimensional apical (A-3D), mesiodistal (A-MD), vestibule palatine (A-VP) and in the group of inexperienced surgeons in linear deviations P-3D, P-MD, P-VP, A-3D, A-MD. When comparing the accuracy according to the surgeon's experience, we observed significant differences only in conventional surgery for P-3D, P-AC and A-AC deviations. We concluded that the accuracy of guided implants was higher regardless of the surgeon's experience. (AU)

HAART therapy does not reduce the proteinase and phospholipase secretion by oral Candida albicans isolated from HIV-positive patients

Production of exoenzymes, specifically the proteinase and phospholipase, is considered one of the most important of pathogenicity mechanisms of C. albicans, which is crucial for tissue invasion. This study aimed at evaluating the production of these exoenzymes in 50 oral C. albicans isolates from HIV-positive (HIV+) patients treated with highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), and from 50 control individuals. For testing the production of phospholipase and proteinase, the culture media containing egg yolk and bovine albumin were used, respectively. The results were obtained by measuring the diameter of the colony and divided by the diameter of colony plus the precipitation zone, defined as Pz. Data were statistically analyzed by Student’s t test (5). Statistically significant difference (p = 0.001) was observed between the mean values of Pz for proteinase in isolates from HIV+ patients (Pz = 0.358±0.295) and from control group (Pz = 0.660±0.370). The same results were observed for phospholipase production (Pz = 0.399±0.227 for HIV+ group; Pz =0.635±0.292 control group). Both enzymes were highly produced by C. albicans isolated from HIV+ patients when compared with those secreted by C. albicans obtained from control group, suggesting that HAART did not reduce the secretion of these enzymes by this pathogenic fungus infecting HIV+ patients.